Estudios Internacionales

The role of Chile’s science diplomacy as an ASEAN development partner: opportunities for the country’s positioning as a bridge to Southeast Asia

Nicole Jenne — 2025-04-30

This study examines the potential of Chile's science diplomacy to forge stronger relations with the member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), analysing opportunities to position the country as a bridge between Southeast Asia and Latin America. Based on an interdisciplinary, qualitative methodology, incorporating documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews, the study evaluates two of Chile's emblematic natural laboratories: the skies (astronomy) and the ocean (marine sciences). Looking at its historical trajectory, we argue that astronomy constitutes a successful model of international scientific collaboration that should inform broader diplomatic strategies. The analysis of Chile’s marine resources reveals significant opportunities given that this area offers unique advantages for international scientific cooperation, particularly in addressing crucial challenges such as energy transition, climate change mitigation and marine biodiversity conservation. The study concludes that science diplomacy represents a viable instrument for deepening Chile-ASEAN relations, although challenges related to budgetary constraints, geographical distance and the development of the institutional framework remain.

La naturaleza y el grado de interacción de las ONG con las Naciones Unidas en el marco del ECOSOC

Barry Mowell — 2025-04-30

El principal vehículo en la dinámica ONU-ONG es el programa de estatus consultivo del Consejo Económico y Social de las Naciones Unidas (ECOSOC). La literatura existente aborda la ONU en relación con la facilitación de la colaboración formal con la sociedad civil internacional, pero se han realizado pocas investigaciones para examinar los patrones a gran escala de las ONG en dichas colaboraciones. Este estudio buscó abordar parcialmente esta última deficiencia en la literatura mediante el análisis de la naturaleza y el grado de participación de las ONG en el programa de estatus consultivo del ECOSOC de las Naciones Unidas. Los resultados de una encuesta realizada a una muestra aleatoria del 10% de las ONG con estatus consultivo revelaron que la mayoría de las organizaciones tienen una participación mínima y una gran minoría de las ONG con estatus consultivo no parecen participar activamente.

Defense does not give votes in democracy": reflections on the Legislative in South America

Ana Amélia Penido Oliveira — 2025-04-30

This text aims to present an overview of how the Legislative branch acted in the reconstruction of public defense policy and in the control of the armed forces after the transitions from the bureaucratic-authoritarian regime. It is based on the premise that, unlike the central countries, in Latin America force is more than a means of the State, it is a fundamental part of its construction and, therefore, military control and subordination to civilian authority is different. The sources for the analysis are legal documents, especially constitutional letters, and specialized literature. Four countries were taken as a parameter for the study: Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Venezuela.

Peace and hydrocarbons in The Andes Mountains: the Argentine-Chilean gas energy interconnection (1990-2023)

Maximiliano Barreto — 2025-04-30

Argentina and Chile initiated a novel phase of improvement in their bilateral security and defense relations starting in 1990. The literature has successfully analyzed the influence of these spheres on other areas of their relationship, such as trade, finance, and subnational interactions. However, it has not thoroughly explored their connection to energy issues, which are highly sensitive from a security perspective. This article examines the implications of bilateral security and defense relations for the development of gas energy trade between Argentina and Chile from 1990 to 2023, while also considering the material conditions affecting this trade. The study argues that during the 1990–2023 period, both the improvement in Argentina-Chile security and defense relations and a lower level of physical risk (stability and availability) in energy supply facilitated the development of gas energy interconnection between the two countries. Conversely, an increase in physical risk posed a significant obstacle, regardless of the stability in security and defense relations. The research follows a qualitative approach, using documentary analysis and descriptive statistical methods to support this premise. This study is positioned at the intersection of Argentine-Chilean bilateral security studies and Latin American energy market dynamics, contributing to the understanding of how security and defense, combined with specific material conditions, can influence energy relations.

North Korean defectors' cross-border activism and tension over State: legislative and case law review (2015-2023)

Bernardita María González Lustig — 2025-04-30

North Korean defectors' cross-border activism has had an impact on inter-Korean rapprochement policies, profiling them as relevant social actors. The objective of this work is to determine what tensions this activism generates in South Korean State. We review the legislation and jurisprudence on the subject, focusing on the amendment to the development of inter-Korean relations Act and rulings that deal with the sending of leaflets between the years 2015 and 2023. We used a qualitative methodology and applied case study method. From the legislation and sentences analyzed, we conclude that there is a tension between freedom of expression and national security for the South Korean State, which is expressed in a conflict around two binomials: freedom of expression vs. national security, and freedom of expression vs. right to life of the population. This tension is also characterized by being permanent, transversal and of variable intensity.

Analysis of the coverage of the national and international media during the Chilean social outburst

Paz Fernanda Cornejo Cometti — 2025-04-30

During the month of October 2019, several demonstrations were observed and witnessed in Chilean territory, motivated by the governmental announcement concerning the increase of the Santiago Metro fares. This event marked the beginning of a social movement of greater scope and magnitude, defined by the media as “Social Outbreak”. For this reason, the present research corresponds to a study of mixed character, which aims to analyze how both international and national media reported about the Social Outbreak in Chile and how this affected the public perception along with the international image of the country. Therefore, a content analysis is carried out selecting the title and lead as specific aspects of the news.